{"id":994,"date":"2022-09-02T15:05:35","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T19:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/?p=994"},"modified":"2024-12-16T09:29:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T14:29:15","slug":"who-are-black-republicans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/","title":{"rendered":"Who are Black Republicans?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Who are Black Republicans?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #4d5a60;\"><a style=\"color: #4d5a60;\" href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Haystaq_Who_Are_Black_Republicans.pdf\">Download a PDF of the Case Study<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since 1940 African American voters across the nation have shifted en masse from the GOP to the democratic.<span id='easy-footnote-1-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-994' title='\u00a0In his first run Roosevelt received only 25% of the AA vote in the north but managed to get 52% in Chicago eight years later '><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This shift was driven by African Americans&#8217; (AA) support for Democratic party programs including the New Deal, The Great Society, and Lyndon Johnson\u2019s critical support for the civil rights movement of the 1960s.<span id='easy-footnote-2-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-2-994' title=' Eisenhower performed particularly well among middle class AAs during his time in office and attempted to solidify a Republican foothold with AA voters by passing the Civil Rights act of 1957. Desperate to win the critical Black vote in 1960 (which he knew would make the difference in 8 states) Kennedy appealed to African Americans by reaching out to Corretta Scott King and playing up his own catholic faith.\n'><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Once home to relatively liberal African Americans during the reconstruction era the GOP lost Black membership due to the disenfranchisement of Black voters in the south after the end of reconstruction in 1877 and because of the segregationist \u201clily-white\u201d movement within the party. More recently, the \u201csouthern strategy\u201d of appealing to Wallace and Thurmond voters that the GOP has pursued since the Goldwater era has left many feeling that the Republican Party does not care about Black America.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0African American political behavior is shaped by a concept that political scientists refer to as \u201cshared fate\u201d which means black americans feel they gain when representatives of the African American community succeed and this leads to favoritism towards African American candidates in many races and leads to most African Americans voting for left wing candidates regardless of their other demographic characteristics. This does not mean that African Americans are uniformly liberal, indeed roughly a third of them identify as conservative when surveyed as of the 2020 primary, a massive increase since 1972 when ten percent did even as the 2010s have seen a slight increase in the number of African Americans identifying as liberal or moderate.<span id='easy-footnote-3-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-994' title=' As noted by Philpot Black voter tend to use religious and social welfare issues when deciding to label themselves as liberal or conservative, whereas whites use a broader range of issues including both the aforementioned along with morality and the role of government'><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nonetheless most African Americans (90-95%) vote Democratic because of a belief that Democrats support the AA community and because of intense pressure within this community to vote the Democratic ticket.<span id='easy-footnote-4-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-4-994' title=' 84% of Black voters support spending more on fighting crime and a majority support school choice in some polls'><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Further under certain circumstances African American can be convinced to vote for conservative candidates and Gen Z AAs express much skepticism about the Democratic party.<span id='easy-footnote-5-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-5-994' title=' Trump and HW Bush both enjoyed double digit support among Black men at certain points in their administrations '><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Black Republicans share a sense of shared fate with other African Americans, have strong connections to the African American community, have a strong sense of Black identity, and take a variety of perspectives on whether public policies should be examined using a race-conscious lens.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Across the years a number of Black conservative pundits including Larry Elder, Carol Swain, Jason Riley, and Candence Owens Herman Cain and Ben Caronson have argued that African Americans should vote for the GOP and that the Democratic party would collapse if the Republicans could get 20-30% of the AA vote.<span id='easy-footnote-6-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-6-994' title=' A plurality of Americans have right-leaning psychological dispositions (42%) and more American identify as conservative (33.6%) than liberal (28.2%)'><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These pundits repeat a familiar set of talking points regarding the Democrats\u2019 historical affinity for the Klan and slavery, the supposedly negative effects of the welfare state on African American families, the disproportionate impact of abortion on black women and the apparent disconnect between the views of everyday AAs and Black political leadership on a variety of issues such as school choice.<span id='easy-footnote-7-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-7-994' title=' The documentary Uncle Tom '><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These talking heads challenge the notion that African Americans are racially targeted in police killings and argue that democratic policies promote a victim mentality and dependence on government. Previous research on AA Republicans suggests that these voters are widely representative of the AA community on a variety of demographic factors and are actually less church attending than AA Democrats.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Methodology\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This paper aims to examine African Americans Republicans (roughly 5-10% of the Black community and 2% of all republicans) who vote for the republican party taking advantage of states where voters register by both party and race (NC, FL, and LA) and using data from L2\u2019s voter file to build demographic profiles of AA GOP registrants (about 8% of all African Americans in the USA). This methodology produces a sample of 136,460 Black GOP voters. The findings cut against those of Corey Fields in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Elephants<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The analysis shows that Black Republicans are male, richer, and less likely to vote than most African Americans. Further, HatstaqDNA\u2019s voter targeting models offer several insights on how this segment of the electorate might be reached, 56% of our Black Republicans use Fox News as their primary TV news source, and our models suggest that a supermajority (73%) oppose former president Trump.<span id='easy-footnote-8-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-8-994' title=' One must be skeptical of this result, given that Trump\u2019s vote share of the Black electorate in each of these states exceeded the share of Blacks that are registered republicans'><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The African American population in the US is 48% male, whereas our sample is 55% male, and nearly 70% of our Black Republicans are unmarried compared to 59% of all voters nationwide<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Black-GOP-Voters-By-Income-Bracket.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1001\" src=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Black-GOP-Voters-By-Income-Bracket-300x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Black-GOP-Voters-By-Income-Bracket-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Black-GOP-Voters-By-Income-Bracket.png 756w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">African American Republican voters appear to be skewed more middle-class than AAs nationwide in 2019\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nationwide 56% of all native-born African Americans have incomes lower than 50,000$ in our sample the number is 35.52%<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nationwide 27% of all native-born African Americans have between $50,000 and $99,999 in our sample the number is 42.61%<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nationwide 17% of native-born African Americans have incomes above 100,000$ in our sample the number is 18.18%<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost half of these voters (47.99%) live in politically mixed households.\u00a0<\/span>This compares to 25.25% of all Americans nationwide<span id='easy-footnote-9-994' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href='https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/who-are-black-republicans\/#easy-footnote-bottom-9-994' title=' This is not a direct comparison however because the states we are studying have partisan registration and many states in the US don\u2019t, forcing us to rely on modeled scores '><sup>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite their relative wealth compared to other African Americans, Black Republicans are still poor compared to the average citizen in their state and disproportionately concentrated in the bottom 20% of the income distribution.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1002\" src=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1-300x192.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"490\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1-768x491.png 768w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1-1024x655.png 1024w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Capture1.png 1085w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compared to other African Americans nationwide who are citizens and eligible to vote, our Black republicans have far lower turnout in some elections and slightly lower turnout in others. This is the opposite of what we would expect because the former is a sample of all Black Americans and not those registered to vote.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AA-GOP-Turnout-and-AA-National-Turnout-.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1000\" src=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AA-GOP-Turnout-and-AA-National-Turnout--300x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AA-GOP-Turnout-and-AA-National-Turnout--300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AA-GOP-Turnout-and-AA-National-Turnout-.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While a significant number of African Americans in each state consider themselves conservative (33-45%), at most, between 6-10% of conservative Blacks are registered Republicans, and in most states, less than a quarter of them voted for Trump.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Of-African-Americans-Who.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1004\" src=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Of-African-Americans-Who-300x185.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Of-African-Americans-Who-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Of-African-Americans-Who-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/staging\/8843\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Of-African-Americans-Who.png 820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0This is in keeping with previous research, which demonstrates that African Americans who consider themselves conservative are more likely to be<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Young<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Female<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southern<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economically disadvantaged<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unmarried<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uneducated\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><p><b>As compared to blacks who consider themselves Republicans <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">suggesting that for African American men being older and better off produces an alignment between conservative views and party id.<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Works Cited<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bennett, Lerone. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BEFORE the MAYFLOWER: A History of the Negro in America, 1619-1962.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Martino Fine Books, 2018, p. 371.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bracey, Christopher. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saviors or Sellouts the Promise and Peril of Black Conservatism, from Booker T. Washington to Condoleezza Rice.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Beacon Pr, 2009, pp. 4\u201319.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elder, Larry. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stupid Black Men: How to Play the Race Card&#8211; and Lose<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York, St. Martin\u2019s Press, 2008.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fields, Corey. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Elephants in the Room: The Unexpected Politics of African American Republicans<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Berkeley, University Of California Press, 2016, pp. 13, 15, 16, 19, 38, 62.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cFlorida 2020 President Exit Polls.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Www.cnn.com<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, www.cnn.com\/election\/2020\/exit-polls\/president\/florida.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hansen, John. \u201cLecture: Black Politics.\u201d 2019.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hersh, Eitan. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hacking the Electorate: How Campaigns Perceive Voters<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 122\u2013125.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hetherington, Marc J, and Jonathan Weiler. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prius or Pickup? : How the Answers to Four Simple Questions Explain America\u2019s Great Divide<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Boston; New York, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2018, pp. 18, 51\u201353.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">King, Maya. \u201cFor Some Black Youth, It\u2019s Time to Question Democratic Loyalties.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politico<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 2020, www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/10\/11\/gen-z-black-youth-conservatives-trump-421914.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lepore, Jill. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IF THEN: How Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> S.L., Liveright Publishing Corp, 2021, pp. 118\u2013120.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLouisiana Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 3 Nov. 2020, www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/11\/03\/us\/elections\/ap-polls-louisiana.html. Accessed 19 July 2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malone, Justin. \u201cUncle Tom.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Milky Way<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 19 Aug. 2020, www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UOvuylAnw-E.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Masket, Seth. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LEARNING from LOSS: The Democrats, 2016-2020.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> New York City, Cambridge Univ Press, 2020, p. 45.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cNorth Carolina Exit Polls: How Different Groups Voted.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 3 Nov. 2020, www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/11\/03\/us\/elections\/exit-polls-north-carolina.html. Accessed 19 July 2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Owens, Candace. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blackout: How Black America Can Make Its Second Escape from the Democrat Plantation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York, Threshold Editions, 2020.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pew Research Center. \u201cReligious Landscape Study.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pew Research Center\u2019s Religion & Public Life Project<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/religious-landscape-study\/compare\/political-ideology\/by\/state\/among\/racial-and-ethnic-composition\/black\/. Accessed 19 July 2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Philpot, Tasha S. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conservative but Not Republican: The Paradox of Party Identification and Ideology among African Americans<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2017.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Religion Research Institute. \u201cPRRI \u2013 American Values Atlas.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ava.prri.org<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Public Religion Research Institute, 2020, ava.prri.org\/#politics\/2020\/States\/ideology\/. Accessed 19 July 2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richardson, Heather. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To Make Men Free: A History of the Republican Party<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York, Basic Books, 2014.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Riley, Jason. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Please Stop Helping Us: How Liberals Make It Harder for Blacks to Succeed<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York, Encounter Books, 2016, pp. 28\u201331.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamir, Christine, and Monica Anderson. \u201c5. Household Income, Poverty Status, and Home Ownership among Black Immigrants.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pew Research Center Race & Ethnicity<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Pew Research Center, 20 Jan. 2022, www.pewresearch.org\/race-ethnicity\/2022\/01\/20\/household-income-poverty-status-and-home-ownership-among-black-immigrants\/#:~:text=In%202019. Accessed 14 July 2022.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Census Bureau. \u201cHistorical Reported Voting Rates.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The United States Census Bureau<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Department Of Commerce, 7 Oct. 2019, www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/time-series\/demo\/voting-and-registration\/voting-historical-time-series.html.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yan, Alan, and Hakeen Jefferson. \u201cHow the Two-Party System Obscures the Complexity of Black Americans\u2019 Politics.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FiveThirtyEight<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 6 Oct. 2020, fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/how-the-two-party-system-obscures-the-complexity-of-black-americans-politics\/. Accessed 9 Oct. 2020.<\/span><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Who are Black Republicans? Download a PDF of the Case Study Since 1940 African American voters across the nation have shifted en masse from the GOP to the democratic. This shift was driven by African Americans&#8217; (AA) support for Democratic party programs including the New Deal, The Great Society, and Lyndon Johnson\u2019s critical support for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-case-study"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Who are Black Republicans? - Haystaq<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/haystaqdna.com\/who-are-black-republicans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who are Black Republicans? - Haystaq\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Who are Black Republicans? Download a PDF of the Case Study Since 1940 African American voters across the nation have shifted en masse from the GOP to the democratic. 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